Roaming reaction, as a special type of reaction mechanism in chemistry, was discovered and began to receive widespread attention in the early 21st century. The analysis of the mechanism of roaming reaction in current experiments and theories is limited to the low electronic state of molecules and related ground state products.

Antiferromagnetic materials, characterized by opposing magnetic alignments of neighboring spins, exhibit unique electronic structures that significantly differ from their ferromagnetic counterparts. Conventional antiferromagnets exhibit no splitting of electronic spin in their energy bands because of the symmetry of magnetic elements.

Anyons, unique quasiparticles in two-dimensional space, play a crucial role in universal topological quantum computation due to their nontrivial exchange statistics.

Solutions to many partial differential equations must satisfy certain bounds or constraints. For instance, in hydrodynamic equations, density and pressure must remain positive, while in relativistic scenarios, the fluid velocity is capped at the speed of light.

Carbene chemistry stands at the forefront of molecular exploration, offering a captivating journey into the unique behavior of carbon species that challenge conventional rules. Carbenes, compounds containing a divalent carbon atom with only six electrons in its valence shell, are very intriguing to scientists.

α-Chiral alkyl thiols and other organosulfur moieties with different sulfur oxidation states are important chiral building blocks in organic synthesis and biochemical processes, as well as key structural elements in a variety of biomolecules, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Consequently, the efficient catalytic enantioselective carbon–sulfur (C(sp3)–S) bond formation constitutes a longstanding objective in modern chemical and biological research.